The dietary laws are extended here to include even touching the unclean, including the animals that were considered unclean in the dietary laws preceding this section. However, now some other situations are added to the list of unclean things. Anything dead is considered unclean, and blood, specifically menstrual blood and women menstruating, are considered unclean and Jews were restricted from touching anything unclean.
While these specific restrictions may seem arbitrary on the surface, they have reasons behind them that God understands and knows. In the same way, there are things that God restricts from us that could easily harm us or weaken our spiritual condition. It is so important to heed the voice of the One Who sees the future and has already been down the road we are traveling. God knows what is good and what is bad. He is not a cosmic killjoy, but rather a benevolent Father who watches over our lives and movements. Heed His voice and be blessed. Ignore or Rebel against them and you run the risk of failure and defeat.